Despite the event being worthy of celebration, the powers-that-be managed to make it feel scary. The small group of leaders in Myanmar were allowing a more inclusive system to emerge, yet guaranteeing their right to clamp down if that system became unstable.
By evening on election day, fear of violence slowly dissolved, replaced by excitement and confidence. Here in Yangon, streets that had been empty in the morning began to fill up. It became clear that citizens hadn’t paid a price to participate. Two days later, on a bus traveling to Naypyidaw, I noticed people proudly displaying their purple left pinkies: proof that they had voted.
The country savored that election delight throughout the week as reports grew of an absolute majority for the party whose slogan is “Time for Change.” The National League for Democracy (NLD), led by Aung San Suu Kyi, clearly has repeated its rout of 1990. Back then, the government refused to honor the outcome and instead arrested The Lady, as Suu Kyi is commonly known. This time, it appears the vote will be allowed to stand.
Which of course presents a whole new set of problems. The stunning results don’t instantly erase the countless challenges here. As one member of the ruling party was quoted as saying, “Our USDP lost completely. The NLD has won. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi has to take responsibility now.” Among the headaches she inherits are tense relationships with ethnic armed groups, an out-of-balance economy, environmental damage, and pressures from neighboring countries.
The former junta has protected itself well by creating a complex political system that allows it to claim quasi-civilian status.The Constitution provides its members a quarter of Parliament’s seats without having to run for them, plus control of key ministries and many other perks. The military can be embarrassed but never really lose. Some people suggest that despite the election outcome, real authority in the country remains with a few generals and a few wealthy families.
Aung San Suu Kyi and her party find themselves with all the responsibility but not enough power to create their “time for change.” Indeed, they’re in the weird position of needing to continue behaving as the minority opposition party, despite superiority in numbers. There can’t be too many places in the world where that’s the case.
The election season’s biggest losers may be Muslims. For the first time, they’re not represented in Parliament at all. Large numbers of them were prevented from voting, and parties that tried to run Muslim candidates often had their candidates rejected by the national election commission. Many say they feel less welcome in Myanmar than ever. Last month Yale Law School’s human rights clinic added its voice to other groups that claim genocide is being committed against the largest Muslim minority group in western Myanmar. Tragically, many people here aren’t shy about their anti-Muslim feelings. If the NLD were to take an inter-faith harmony stance, it might get a backlash.
Election observers throughout the country breathed easier this past week. Their biggest fear going into last Sunday had been some significant group refusing to accept the outcome. Advance voting wasn’t smooth, and on election day many townships were denied the chance to vote on questionable grounds. Yet the NLD, having won enough seats to pass bills and elect the president (a complicated process from which Aung San Suu Kyi is constitutionally excluded), was not likely to quibble with any irregularities reported. Military rulers this time showed no signs of repeating their 1990 annulment of the results.
Despite the many obstacles faced by Myanmar as it reforms the past several decades’ worth of mis-government, it’s still a wonderful time for the country. Lots of people worked very hard to carry out an election that for its peaceful nature alone can be thought of as a victory in itself.
No comments:
Post a Comment